Improving machining accuracy plays a crucial role in extending product lifespan and enhancing product safety. However, based on the current development of machining in China, a series of unfavorable factors still exist in actual production, affecting the improvement of machining accuracy. Now, by analyzing the influencing factors of machining accuracy, we propose some reasonable countermeasures to see how to effectively improve the machining level of machinery.

Machining is an indispensable part of the machinery manufacturing industry, occupying a crucial position. It includes the processing of mechanical parts such as instruments, apparatus, tools, machine tools, anti-mechanical equipment, chemical machinery, metallurgical mining machinery, agricultural machinery, lifting and transportation machinery, and power machinery. Under the influence of China's rapid economic development, all walks of life have increasingly higher requirements for machining accuracy. Machining accuracy not only reflects an important indicator of product quality but also reflects one of the important indicators of a country's level of industrial mechanization.

1. Overview of Machining Accuracy

Machining accuracy is a major factor affecting the quality of machine manufacturing. Machining accuracy directly affects the service life and performance of the machine, including relative position, geometric shape, and dimensions. Therefore, in order to improve machining accuracy, it is necessary to strictly control parameters such as relative position, geometric shape, and dimensions to ensure the accuracy of the parameters. Relative position accuracy: control the mutual position between the structural datum and the machined surface, such as position accuracy, concentricity, perpendicularity, parallelism, etc.; geometric shape accuracy: control the macroscopic geometric shape error of the machined part surface: straightness, cylindricity, roundness, etc.; dimensional accuracy: refers to the control of the machining standard and the surface dimensional error does not exceed a certain range. In the machining process, the machining methods are basically the same, but due to the mechanical machining of the equipment, human factors, and process influences, they are also affected by complex processing environments. If the relevant factors cannot be controlled, it will lead to errors in the machined parts, resulting in low quality of mechanical production. Therefore, in the machining process, it is necessary to fully understand the causes of machining errors, and to deeply analyze and summarize the causes of machining errors, and control them to ensure machining quality.

2. Factors Affecting Machining

2.1 Equipment Factors

Ensuring the quality of processing equipment is a key factor in improving processing accuracy and is also a requirement for key processing control content. Machining accuracy includes manufacturing accuracy and machining accuracy. The main influencing factors include spindle rotation error, machine tool guide error, machine tool chain error, and fixture positioning error. To ensure machining accuracy, these errors should be controlled as much as possible to ensure machining accuracy and improve the accuracy and quality of mechanical products.

2.2 Adverse Effects of Geometric Errors on the Machining Accuracy of Mechanical Products

Although the impact of geometric errors on the machining accuracy of mechanical products is unavoidable, it can be minimized. In the mechanical machining process, most geometric errors are caused by human factors. For example, in mechanical operation, the mechanical operator does not pre-check the operating conditions of the machine, resulting in inaccurate position of the mechanical production equipment when the tool is installed, machine tool axis offset, etc., which affects the machining accuracy and leads to geometric errors. Minimizing the impact of geometric errors on product machining accuracy brings huge benefits to the improvement of the overall quality of mechanical machining products.

2.3 Machining Process

For mechanical processing enterprises, the surface hardness, shape, and size of the materials of machined mechanical parts are different, but the force used in processing is exactly the same. In this case, the same cutting force will produce multiple results, easily leading to machining errors and process deformation. For example, the cutting force at the focal point during minor changes will cause serious deformation of the entire process system, resulting in large surface errors in the workpiece. For example, in actual processing, if the heat source is unevenly distributed, it will cause different degrees of deformation in different parts of the machine, thereby greatly reducing the processing accuracy. During processing, as the cutting time increases, the temperature of the tool will gradually increase. According to the principle of "thermal expansion and contraction," the tool will produce a certain elongation, which is not conducive to improving processing accuracy.

3. Countermeasures to Improve Machining Accuracy

3.1 Improve Personnel Quality and Establish a Sound Talent Cultivation System

Improving personnel quality and improving the talent cultivation system have an important impact on improving machining accuracy. On the one hand, in the processing process, operators should strictly follow the requirements of processing and measurement procedures, such as: compensating for original errors, correcting errors that occur during offset processing, thereby controlling processing accuracy. Another example: if the current original error is negative, manual operation is required to select a positive value to offset the two errors as much as possible and improve processing accuracy. On the other hand, improve the talent cultivation system and improve the responsibility of each employee. For example: the employee's life goals are closely linked to their positions, encouraging employees to have positive life ideals, starting from improving employees' internal awareness, changing employees' traditional thinking, thereby changing employees' work behavior, and stimulating employees' enthusiasm and initiative. For example, introducing advanced talents from all over the country, strengthening the establishment of talent cultivation and delivery plans with key universities, complementing each other with universities, continuously establishing and improving the talent cultivation system, and effectively improving the level of operators' psychological knowledge, relevant knowledge, business knowledge, and work methods.

3.2 Improve Equipment Accuracy and Reduce Original Errors

Reducing original errors can effectively improve the accuracy of machining. During processing, the accuracy of tools, measuring instruments, and fixtures should be increased to ensure the geometric accuracy of the machine tool. For example, measurement errors, deformation caused by stress, tool wear, thermal deformation, and stress conditions should be strictly controlled to improve the accuracy of processing equipment. For example, advanced mechanical processing equipment can be introduced from abroad, and precision processing equipment suitable for its own use can be produced. In addition, before processing, the factors that may cause errors during processing should be fully understood and analyzed,

For example: when processing slender shafts, the reverse turning method can achieve good results, eliminating the deformation caused by axial cutting force. At the same time, if equipped with a spring center point, the deformation phenomenon of long shaft processing can be reduced, achieving good results. For example: in precision machining, the geometric rigidity and accuracy of the machine tool should be improved, the intensity of controlling thermal deformation should be improved, the tool installation work should be done well, the error caused by the tool should be reduced, and the accuracy of machining should be improved.

3.3 Effective Ways to Reduce Self-Excited Vibration

The problem of mechanical self-excited vibration during processing can be improved from two aspects: selecting appropriate mechanical tool geometric parameters. Starting from the mechanical vibration factors in the past, the geometric parameters of the tool have machining vibrations. Therefore, when selecting machining tools, it is necessary to fully understand the unified parameters of each tool in order to select the appropriate tool type. In the mechanical vibration factor, the tool geometry's front angle is an important factor causing tool vibration, followed by the main rake angle. The geometric parameters of the tool and the processing process of vibration are proportional to the problem, while the angle of the former is inversely proportional. Therefore, reasonable selection when selecting parameter tools can greatly reduce the problem of mechanical vibration during processing. Improve the process of machining machinery. During mechanical processing, if the anti-vibration problem of the machine itself is ignored, it will also cause vibration problems during processing. Therefore, in order to reduce the vibration phenomenon, it is necessary to strengthen the improvement of the performance of various mechanical operating contact surfaces, improve the rigidity of the workpiece surface polishing work, control the clearance between the bearing and the spindle, and enhance the pre-tightening force.

3.4 Transfer Original Errors and Adopt In-Situ Machining Methods

The original error is transferred from the sensitive direction to the non-sensitive direction to ensure the geometric error and force deformation of the transmission processing system. If the error is more easily manifested in the sensitive direction, and it is reflected in the non-sensitive reverse direction, it is of great significance to improve the processing accuracy. In addition, the parts processing and manufacturing process often involves a complex relationship between them. It is difficult to improve the precision of parts alone, and the effect is not obvious. Local processing methods can be used to ensure processing accuracy, effectively control errors, and improve processing accuracy.

4. Conclusion

In summary, this article briefly outlines the processing accuracy, and proposes measures to improve personnel quality, improve the talent training system, strictly control the technological process, original errors, and improve equipment accuracy to reduce original errors and other optimization strategies. The results show that the current processing accuracy is still affected by human factors and processing equipment. Therefore, in future processing work, it is necessary to strengthen the research and countermeasures of factors affecting processing accuracy, improve China's processing accuracy, and make greater contributions to the development of China's machinery manufacturing industry.

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